The Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Siv ) - 2285 Words

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, is primarily a sexually transmitted infection. It can also be spread by contact with infected blood, most commonly IV drug users, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breast-feeding. When HIV weakens the immune system HIV develops into AIDS. The start of HIV was said to come from a strain of DNA from Chimpanzee’s to contain polio. HIV/AIDS has become a widely spread virus that affects the human immune system. Africa has had the greatest number of infected persons, both adults and children than any other continent. According to a ten year study finished in the year 2005; a strain of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) was found in a number of chimpanzee colonies in the south east†¦show more content†¦This pandemic was much more sufficient in Western Africa especially in areas around Lake Victoria. This was rapid increase was caused by high ratio of men in the urban population, lack of circumcision for the males, widespread labor migration, low status of woman, and sexually transmitted diseases. The pandemic was thought to spread so quickly because eighty-five percent of sex workers were infected with HIV. During the 1990’s the infection was booming in Southern Africa, since HIV had been on the continent for a number of years, there were a few ideas about prevention campaigns, but those were to minimum effect because there was no effective treatment in Africa. In 1999, Kenyan president Daniel Arap Moi declared that HIV was a nation disaster. Eastern Africa HIV population was starting to drop off, Kampala HIV population had fallen from 30% down to 12%. In 2000, five pharmaceutical companies offered to help and reduce the prices on the HIV drugs for all of Africa and other poor regions. These companies fought for the lower prices to try and manufacture drugs for lower prices. This lead to generic drugs that they would sell to the ones in need in Africa. This started a scare because of the unstable health care they have in Africa. The next problem was some did not know how to properly take these drugs or how much to take. The distribution was one of many other problems the companies had, because it was difficult

How Did Shermans March End the Civil War

Shermans March to the Sea refers to a long stretch of devastating Union army movements during the United States Civil War. In the fall of 1864, the Union General William Tecumseh (Cump) Sherman took 60,000 men and pillaged his way through Georgias civilian farmsteads. The 360-mile march went from Atlanta in central Georgia to Savannah on the Atlantic coast and lasted from November 12–December 22. Burning Atlanta Sherman left Chattanooga in May 1864 and captured the vital railroad and supply center of Atlanta. There he out-maneuvered the Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston and laid siege to Atlanta under the command of General John Bell Hood, Johnstons replacement. On September 1, 1864, Hood evacuated Atlanta and withdrew his Army of Tennessee. In early October, Hood moved north of Atlanta to destroy Shermans rail lines, invade Tennessee and Kentucky, and draw the Union Forces away from Georgia. Sherman sent two of his army corps to reinforce Federal forces in Tennessee. Eventually, Sherman left Maj. General George H. Thomas to chase Hood and returned to Atlanta to begin his march to Savannah. On the 15th of November, Sherman left Atlanta in flames and turned his army east. Progress of the March The March to the Sea had two wings: the right wing (15th and 17th corps) headed by Major General Oliver Howard was to move south towards Macon; the left wing (14th and 20th corps), headed by Major General Henry Slocum, would move on a parallel route towards Augusta. Sherman thought the Confederates would likely fortify and defend both cities, and he planned to drive his army southeast between them, destroying the Macon-Savannah Railroad along his way to occupy Savannah. The explicit plan was to cut the south in two. Several important skirmishes along the way included: Milledgeville, November 23, 1864Sandersville, November 25–26Waynesboro, November 27Louisville, November 29–30Millen, December 2, an attempt to free Union prisoners A Policy Shift The March to the Sea was successful: Sherman captured Savannah and in that process, crippled vital military resources, brought the war to the heart of the South, and demonstrated the Confederacys inability to protect its own people. It was, however, at a terrible price. Early in the war, the North had maintained a conciliatory policy towards the south, in fact, there were explicit orders to leave families enough to survive on. As a result, the rebels pushed their limits: there was a steep rise in guerrilla warfare on the part of Confederate civilians. Sherman was convinced that nothing short of total war brought to the homes of Confederate civilians could change Southern attitudes about fighting to the death. He had been considering the tactic for years. In a letter written home in 1862, he told his family that the only way to defeat the south was as he had defeated Native Americans—by destroying their villages. How Sherman’s March Ended the War Having virtually vanished from the War Department’s view during his march to Savannah, Sherman chose to cut his supply lines and ordered his men to live off the land — and people — in their path. According to Shermans special field orders of November 9, 1865, his troops were to forage liberally in the country, each brigade commander organizing a party to gather resources as needed to keep at least ten days provisions for his commands. Foragers rode off in all directions, confiscating cows, pigs, and chickens from the scattered farms. Pastures and farmland became campsites, fence rows disappeared, and the countryside was scavenged for firewood. According to Sherman’s own estimates, his armies seized 5,000 horses, 4,000 mules, and 13,000 head of cattle, while confiscating 9.5 million pounds of corn and 10.5 million pounds of livestock fodder. Sherman’s so-called â€Å"scorched earth policies† remain controversial, with many Southerners still detesting his memory. Even the slaves affected at the time held varying opinions of Sherman and his troops. While thousands viewed Sherman as a great liberator and followed his armies to Savannah, others complained of suffering from the Union army’s invasive tactics. According to historian Jacqueline Campbell, the slaves often felt betrayed, as they â€Å"suffered along with their owners, complicating their decision of whether to flee with or from Union troops.† A Confederate officer cited by Campbell estimated that of some 10,000 slaves who trailed along with Sherman’s armies, hundreds died of â€Å"hunger, disease, or exposure,† as the Union officers took no actions to help them. Sherman’s March to the Sea devastated Georgia and the Confederacy. There were approximately 3,100 casualties of which 2,100 were Union soldiers, but the countryside took years to recover. Shermans march to the sea was followed by a similarly devastating march through the Carolinas early in 1865, but the message was clear. Southern predictions that the Union forces would become lost or decimated by hunger and guerilla attacks were proven false. Historian David J. Eicher wrote that â€Å"Sherman had accomplished an amazing task. He had defied military principles by operating deep within enemy territory and without lines of supply or communication. He destroyed much of the Souths potential and psychology to wage war.† The Civil War ended five months after Sherman marched into Savannah. Sources: Patrick JL, and Willey R. 1998. We have surely done a big work: The Diary of a Hoosier Soldier on Shermans March to the Sea. Indiana Magazine of History 94(3):214-239.Rhodes JF. 1901. Shermans March to the Sea. The American Historical Review 6(3):466-474.Schwabe E. 1985. Shermans March Through Georgia: A Reappraisal of the Right Wing. The Georgia Historical Quarterly 69(4):522-535.van Tuyll DR. 1999. Scalawags and Scoundrels? The Moral and Legal Dimensions of Shermans Last Campaigns. Studies in Popular Culture 22(2):33-45.Campbell, Jacqueline Glass, 2003.  When Sherman Marched North from the Sea: Resistance on the Confederate Home Front. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina PressEicher, David J.  2001. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War, New York: Simon Schuster.

Levi Jeans Free Essays

1. ) In the year 1873, when Levi Strauss first invested jeans, its target market was comprised merely of individuals who needed to wear durable, extra strong pants when seeking gold. The target market and the marketing techniques changed in many ways over the existence of the brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Levi Jeans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead of people wanting just wanting a comfortable jean when working they began to want something stylish and that celebrated the history of the product. For today’s market for jeans I would target the male and female demographic from ages 16-24. It said in the case that males and females from ages 20-30 could not recognize the GWG brand and i believe that a new jean with flare and teenage appeal can do very well in the market. For this market segment I would focus my effort on making my jeans Fashion forward, proper fit, cool and the image of the brand. I chose this target market because the clothing market itself is being dominated by these young individuals looking for the next â€Å"hip† trend. I believe that these teens have the ability to make their parents buy these products because they may become popular with the acquisition of the coolest jeans. By appealing to the market as a new hip jean you can price jeans for a higher price than the original jeans. I believe that the older demographic 40+ may already be loyal to a particular brand of jeans but the young adult demographic has not been tapped and the ability for growth is massive. 2) I believe for this target market the largest competition is higher class brands mentioned in the case such as Guess and Calvin Klein. These brands appeal to the younger demographic and are known as the popular and premium brand of jean. These are the closest competitor because young adults see movie stars on TV wearing these popular jeans and believe that is they buy these jeans they can emulate there favorite athletes or actors. By gaining access and being known as a stylish and premium brand of jean the new line will appeal to the target market of 16-24. 3. ) The GWG brand has a limited target market and does not represent a very big market share of the industry. The GWG brand has a fairly simple and traditional value proposition; this benefits the brand because the GWG jeans are remembered as an iconic symbol of the quintessential everyman’s working jeans and as a  pioneer in the jeans  industry. The favourable points of the  GWG brand are specific qualities that are valued by consumers. The brand enjoys a long-standing reputation as one of the very first to enter the industry. These are customers that are loyal to the brand and can rely n the quality and comfort of the jeans, GWG is valued by the comfort, durability and the fact that customers can rely on brand. These points of parity have come about because GWG is known as the working men’s jean with the older demographic (40+) can always rely on GWG as producing a quality pair of jeans that they can go back to. As one 44 year old male said â€Å"GWGs are rough, rugged and a good fit. They’re are not fashionable, but can take more washings and last longer before tearing apart at the seams. . This quote epitomizes what a GWG jean represents and this is the reason they still have favourable points of value. I think comparing them to a company such as Carharrt can benefit the brand. Both brands are known for being clothing that is used by the working man. I think that the resonating focus of GWG is that it is a brand that was around for both world wars and is a product that can be recognized for its comfort and its ability to appeal to the working man. 4. I believe that the most appropriate distribution channel for the new type of jeans is to market it through boutiques in malls and other popular retail chains. If the young adult demographic can recognize these jeans while in the retailers this will draw the individuals to the product. I think with the resonating focus of being a reliable brand, parents will recognize the brand of Levi and will support the kids more if they decided to buy a product this new product because they have notion th at this pair of jeans aren’t just stylish but also can be reliable and long lasting. How to cite Levi Jeans, Essay examples

Levi Jeans Free Essays

1. ) In the year 1873, when Levi Strauss first invested jeans, its target market was comprised merely of individuals who needed to wear durable, extra strong pants when seeking gold. The target market and the marketing techniques changed in many ways over the existence of the brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Levi Jeans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead of people wanting just wanting a comfortable jean when working they began to want something stylish and that celebrated the history of the product. For today’s market for jeans I would target the male and female demographic from ages 16-24. It said in the case that males and females from ages 20-30 could not recognize the GWG brand and i believe that a new jean with flare and teenage appeal can do very well in the market. For this market segment I would focus my effort on making my jeans Fashion forward, proper fit, cool and the image of the brand. I chose this target market because the clothing market itself is being dominated by these young individuals looking for the next â€Å"hip† trend. I believe that these teens have the ability to make their parents buy these products because they may become popular with the acquisition of the coolest jeans. By appealing to the market as a new hip jean you can price jeans for a higher price than the original jeans. I believe that the older demographic 40+ may already be loyal to a particular brand of jeans but the young adult demographic has not been tapped and the ability for growth is massive. 2) I believe for this target market the largest competition is higher class brands mentioned in the case such as Guess and Calvin Klein. These brands appeal to the younger demographic and are known as the popular and premium brand of jean. These are the closest competitor because young adults see movie stars on TV wearing these popular jeans and believe that is they buy these jeans they can emulate there favorite athletes or actors. By gaining access and being known as a stylish and premium brand of jean the new line will appeal to the target market of 16-24. 3. ) The GWG brand has a limited target market and does not represent a very big market share of the industry. The GWG brand has a fairly simple and traditional value proposition; this benefits the brand because the GWG jeans are remembered as an iconic symbol of the quintessential everyman’s working jeans and as a  pioneer in the jeans  industry. The favourable points of the  GWG brand are specific qualities that are valued by consumers. The brand enjoys a long-standing reputation as one of the very first to enter the industry. These are customers that are loyal to the brand and can rely n the quality and comfort of the jeans, GWG is valued by the comfort, durability and the fact that customers can rely on brand. These points of parity have come about because GWG is known as the working men’s jean with the older demographic (40+) can always rely on GWG as producing a quality pair of jeans that they can go back to. As one 44 year old male said â€Å"GWGs are rough, rugged and a good fit. They’re are not fashionable, but can take more washings and last longer before tearing apart at the seams. . This quote epitomizes what a GWG jean represents and this is the reason they still have favourable points of value. I think comparing them to a company such as Carharrt can benefit the brand. Both brands are known for being clothing that is used by the working man. I think that the resonating focus of GWG is that it is a brand that was around for both world wars and is a product that can be recognized for its comfort and its ability to appeal to the working man. 4. I believe that the most appropriate distribution channel for the new type of jeans is to market it through boutiques in malls and other popular retail chains. If the young adult demographic can recognize these jeans while in the retailers this will draw the individuals to the product. I think with the resonating focus of being a reliable brand, parents will recognize the brand of Levi and will support the kids more if they decided to buy a product this new product because they have notion th at this pair of jeans aren’t just stylish but also can be reliable and long lasting. How to cite Levi Jeans, Essay examples

The Ataris - So Long Astoria free essay sample

With So Long Astoria, many changes by The Ataris are duly marked. Expectations among a large fan base are high, but perhaps higher than usual because this is their major label debut. This album could launch them into mainstream popularity, or cast them from their traditional roots, or a combination. Over the past few years, this quartet from Southern California has swept the country gaining fans at a greater rate than the typical punk band. With their tales of young love and heartbreak, and catchy riffs wrapped in a slightly pop punk sound, The Ataris have a sound that is truly their own. The zenith of their career thus far, Blue Skies, Broken Hearts Next 12 Exits, is the standard by which I measure most of their music. This album is in my top five of all time; it never loses its effect on me. But to compare So Long Astoria to Blue Skies somehow just isnt right. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ataris So Long Astoria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can definitely see growth in this album, but not as much in the music as in the presentation. This album gives me a sense of The Ataris as adults rather than their traditional adolescent quality. They have toned down their sound a little (Chris Knapp mellowed out his normally frantic drumming considerably) while still staying true to it, a key accomplishment in a good band. There is deeper content in these new songs, too. In My Reply, frontman Kris Roe tells of an overseas fan who is dying and writes his response to her final letter. And in The Saddest Song, he explains to his young daughter why he is barely around. There is also a great cover of Don Henleys The Boys of Summer and a new version of their I Wont Spend Another Night Alone. No review is complete without some criticism, and I think there are too many slow, mellow songs. Halfway through I tend to get bored and anxious; I wish there was at least one up-tempo song to break my sedated mood. This album lacks the well-rounded quality the band normally has. When most bands turn major label, their sound, and sometimes image, is butchered in the process, but I can thankfully say that this is not the case with So Long Astoria. Although it is not the best The Ataris have to offer, it is the logical next step, and still holds onto what makes them a great band. They get you to realize youre only young once, and should enjoy all the things most of us worry about. As a fan for many years now, I wish them the best of luck. They truly deserve it because they play their music with passion. Try seeing one of their shows or picking up an album, you wont regret it.