The Battle Over Same-Sex Marriage Essay -- Gay Marriage

Same-sex marriage has developed into to a national issue. In 2003, the Massachusetts Supreme Court decided that equivalent sex couples reserved the privilege to wed which incited a firestorm of discussion. The conversation reaches out from private livings rooms and neighborhood watering gaps; right to the floor of the U.S. Congress and the White House. The discussion about same-sex marriage has become a hot catch issue, which pits common progressives who bolster gay-rights against strict and social conventionalists battling for the holiness of marriage. At the point when La Shawn Barber, Anna Quindlen, Andrew Sullivan and the editors at National Review composed their sentiment pieces with respect to the subject of same-sex marriage the discussion had just been seething for a long time it despite everything is today. Independent essayist La Shawn Barber and the editors of National Review restrict same-sex marriage and contend that legitimizing same-sex marriage would on a very basic level reclassify marriage and debilitate it as a social establishment. Then again, contributing supervisor of Newsweek magazine, Anna Quindlen, and â€Å"The Daily Dish† blogger Andrew Sullivan bolster same-sex marriage and stress that equivalent sex couples ought to be dealt with the same than hetero couples, including with regards to one side to wed. In â€Å"The Loving Decision,† Quindlen utilizes the case of the memorable legal dispute Loving v. Virginia, which legitimized interracial marriage, to contend that gay people ought to be permitted to wed whomever they need. Quindlen keeps up that the Loving v. Virginia case is relevant to the cutting edge battle for same-sex marriage since this is an issue of social equality infringement, much like the first case from 1968. Interestingly, Barber, counters in â€Å"Interracial Marriage: Slippery Slo... ...Branch of Public Health. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. 18 Nov. 2003. Print. Quindlen, Anna. The Loving Decision. The Daily Beast. Newsweek/Daily Beast, 14 Nov. 2008. Web. 28 March 2015. . Sullivan, Andrew. The Right's Contempt For Gay Lives. The Atlantic. 8 Apr. 2009. Web. 28 March 2015. . Vamburkar, Meenal. Coulter To Hannity: Liberals Use Judicial Activism To Invent Rightsâ„ ¢ Like Abortion, Gay Marriage. Coulter To Hannity: Liberals Use Judicial Activism To Invent Rightsâ„ ¢ Like Abortion, Gay Marriage. 5 Apr. 2012. Web. 28 March 2015. .

Analysis of Infosys Technologies Limited

Examination of Infosys Technologies Limited Infosys Technologies Ltd. was introduced in 1981 by seven individuals with US$ 250. Today, it is a worldwide pioneer in the ‘next age of IT and winning incomes of US$ 6.04 billion. Infosys plans, characterizes and conveys innovation empowered business answers for Global 2000 organizations. Infosys gives a total scope of administrations by utilizing its domain and business ability and vital unions with driving innovation suppliers. The goal of this task is examination of Infosys Technologies Limited which gives counseling and IT administrations. Infosys has been the first in this field to offer imaginative answers for its customers. The organization offers adequate scope of programming administrations, in particular application advancement and upkeep, autonomous approval administrations, foundation administrations, corporate execution the executives, bundled application administrations and item designing and frameworks incorporation. Infosys built up the Global Delivery Model (GDM), which rose as an upsetting power in the business prompting the ascent of seaward redistributing. The GDM depends on the equation of taking work to the site where the best ability is accessible, where it bodes well, with minimal measure of adequate hazard. Infosys has an overall impression with 64 workplaces and 63 advancement places in US, India, China, Australia, Japan, Middle East, UK, Switzerland, Germany, France, Netherlands, Poland, Canada and numerous different nations. Infosys and its auxiliaries have 130,820 representatives working with it as on March 31, 2011. Infosys takes savor the experience of building key long haul customer connections. Assessing THE ENVIRONMENT Outer ENVIRONMENT PESTLE ANALYSIS PESTEL ANALYSIS: There are numerous highlights in the full scale condition with the goal of the finish of the official of a few associations. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. The PESTEL investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. is as per the following: (P)olitical While talking about PESTEL investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. right off the bat I talk about political part of PESTEL investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. As a feature of the countrywide development and change, Infosys Technologies Ltd. is promptly one example of thick that are triumphant in similarly sorts of business that is familial and overall trade (2003). The positive parts of the political investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are that Indian political structure is viewed as steady enough expect the way that there is a dread of hung parliament. Government claimed organizations and PSUs have chosen to give more IT anticipates to Indian IT organizations. The negative parts of the political examination of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are that U.S. government has announced that U.S organizations that redistribute IT work to different areas other than U.S. won't get tax cut and fear based oppressor assault or war. (E)conomic While examining PESTEL investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. besides I examine monetary part of PESTEL examination of Infosys Technologies Ltd. The positive parts of the financial investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are that Domestic IT Spending(Demand): Domestic market to develop by 20% and reach approx USD 20 billion of every 2008-09 NASSCOM. Decrease in land costs has come about lessening the rental consumptions and because of downturn, the cutbacks and occupation cuts have brought about low steady loss rate. Alongside that financial attractivenessdue to cost advantage and different components is additionally a positive factor. The negative part of the political investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. is of worldwide IT spending patterns. (S)ocial While talking about PESTEL investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. besides I examine financial part of PESTEL examination of Infosys Technologies Ltd. The positive parts of the financial investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are that English is generally communicated in language in India, English medium being the most acknowledged vehicle of training. Along these lines, India brags of huge English speaking population.Regarding educationa number of specialized foundations and colleges over the nation offer IT instruction are there and working age populace is likewise a valuable cultural factor. (T)echnological While talking about PESTEL investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. also I talk about financial part of PESTEL investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. The positive parts of the monetary investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are communication that is India has the universes most minimal call rates (1-2 US pennies). India expected to have absolute supporter base of around 500 million by 2010. ARPU for GSM is USD 6.6 every month. India has the second biggest phone arrange after china. Tele-thickness 19.86 %. Indian innovation additionally allow to big business telephone utilities, 3G, Wi-max and VPN are ready to develop. Another positive part of Indian innovation is the Internet Backbone. Because of IT insurgency of „90s, Indian urban communities and India is very much associated with undersea optical links. Alongside that new IT advancements like SOA, Web 2.0, High-definition content, framework processing, and so on and development in minimal effort innovations is intro ducing new difficulties and open doors for Indian IT industry. (L)egal While talking about PESTEL examination of Infosys Technologies Ltd. furthermore I examine financial part of PESTEL examination of Infosys Technologies Ltd. The positive parts of the financial examination of Infosys Technologies Ltd. are that IT SEZ necessity ofIT organizations can set up SEZ with least zone of 10 hectares and appreciate a large group of tax cuts and financial advantages. Agreement/Bond prerequisites: Huge discussions encompassing the bonds under which the representatives are required to work, which isn't legitimately required. IT Act like Indian government is reinforcing the IT demonstration, 2000 to give a sound legitimate condition to organizations to work esp. identified with security of information in transmission and capacity, etc.Companies working in Software Technology Park (STPI) plan will keep on getting tax cut till 2010. (E)nvironmental While talking about PESTEL investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. besides I talk about monetary part of PESTEL investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. The vitality productive procedures and supplies that organizations are concentrating on diminishing the carbon impressions, vitality usage, water utilization, and so on. Doormen FIVE FORCES MODEL (INDIAN IT INDUSTRY) Danger of Substitutes: While talking about the Porters investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd. the absolute first purpose of conversation is danger of substitutes. With respect to of substitutes other seaward locationssuch as Eastern Europe, the Philippines and China, are rising and are presenting danger to Indian IT industry due to further their cost-potential benefit. Be that as it may, this ought to have an effect just in the medium to long haul. Alongside that pricequoted for ventures is a significant differentiator, the nature of items being same. Bartering intensity of provider: While talking about the Porters examination of Infosys Technologies Ltd. the second purpose of conversation is haggling intensity of provider. Because of lull, the activity cuts, the cutbacks and hopeless IT viewpoint and gracefully of IT experts is not, at this point ideal for workers. Accessibility of huge ability pool that is fresher and experienced is likewise increment purchasing intensity of provider. Dealing Power of Customers: While talking about the Porters examination of Infosys Technologies Ltd. the third purpose of conversation is intensity of purchasers. Enormous number of IT organizations competing for IT anticipates bringing about high rivalry for ventures. Then again enormous decrease in IT consumption: Indian IT segment is subject to USA and BFSI specifically for lion's share of its incomes, and with the ongoing budgetary emergency, the new spending from these has diminished massively. Be that as it may, for the current items and administrations, the customers proceed with the old organizations. Hindrances to Entry: Low While talking about the Porters investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd., the following purpose of conversation is another participant that isLow capital necessities and huge worth chain which give space to little endeavors. Alongside that MNCs are increase limit and representative quality. Contention among Firms: High While talking about the Porters investigation of Infosys Technologies Ltd., the last purpose of conversation is contention among firms.Commoditized contributions, ‘low-cost, little-separation situating, high industry development and solid contenders like scarcely any quantities of huge organizations. SWOT ANALYSIS OF INFOSYS (S)TRENGTHS Administration in refined arrangements that empower customers to advance the effectiveness of their business. Worldwide and day in and day out conveyance capacity astounding web spine and media communications offices empowering organizations to create all day, every day conveyance abilities from India itself Responsibility to unrivaled quality and procedure execution Infosys has quality principles, for example, CMM Level 5i to separate from different contenders Solid Brand and Long-Standing Client Relationships Status as a business of decision Capacity to scale Advancement and initiative. Cost advantage Presence of Infosys in India is critical to its prosperity Expansiveness of administration offering start to finish arrangements including top of the line administrations like IT consultancy and KPO. (W)EAKNESSES Inordinate reliance on US for incomes 67 % of incomes from USA. Inordinate reliance on BFSI division for incomes 36 % of incomes from BFSI. Banking area is confronting an emergency internationally and will spend less on IT. Frail player in residential market. Just 1 % of incomes from India low when contrasted with peers Low R D spending when contrasted with worldwide IT organizations just 1.3 % of absolute incomes Rising pay bill 42.9 % to 44.8 % of incomes Low mastery in very good quality administrations like Consultancy and KPO. incomes to be hit hard for Infosys High paces of whittling down Although stoppage in worldwide economy has brought down wearing down rate yet the business despite everything faces high att

2016-17 University of North Carolina (UNC) Essay Prompts

2016-17 University of North Carolina (UNC) Essay Prompts The 2016-17 UNC Essay Prompts Are Out! The 2016-17 UNC Essay Prompts Are Out! The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is always among the first American universities to release its supplemental essay prompts, and this year is no exception. As a forerunner in the college application release pack, UNCs prompts can often help set the tone for what to expect from other schools. Last year, the array of prompts asked students a range of questions from the straightforward community essay prompt to the quirky prompt that asked applicants to imagine their own TED Talks, leading the pack of offbeat  questions that were to follow from other schools. The 2016-17 UNC essay prompts tell a slightly different story. With fewer options to choose from, applicants will be asked to examine the deepest recesses of their character, their hopes, and their dreams. It seems that perhaps the new Coalition Application has also helped set the tone for this years application cycle, with its touted focus on meaningful community contributions over flashier extracurriculars. You can preview the 2016-17 UNC essay prompts below and get additional information on the official admissions blog. 2016-17 UNC Essay Prompts Tell us a story that helps us better understand a person, place, or thing you find inspiring. What do you hope will change about the place where you live? Tell us about a small goal you hope to achieve, whether in the next 10 days, 10 months, or 10 years. What will be the best breakthroughâ€"whether scientific, social, economic, or otherâ€"between now and 2025? We will be keeping an ear to the ground for more supplemental prompt releases, so stay tuned and subscribe to our newsletter for more up-to-the-minute updates! About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth »

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Siv ) - 2285 Words

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, is primarily a sexually transmitted infection. It can also be spread by contact with infected blood, most commonly IV drug users, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breast-feeding. When HIV weakens the immune system HIV develops into AIDS. The start of HIV was said to come from a strain of DNA from Chimpanzee’s to contain polio. HIV/AIDS has become a widely spread virus that affects the human immune system. Africa has had the greatest number of infected persons, both adults and children than any other continent. According to a ten year study finished in the year 2005; a strain of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) was found in a number of chimpanzee colonies in the south east†¦show more content†¦This pandemic was much more sufficient in Western Africa especially in areas around Lake Victoria. This was rapid increase was caused by high ratio of men in the urban population, lack of circumcision for the males, widespread labor migration, low status of woman, and sexually transmitted diseases. The pandemic was thought to spread so quickly because eighty-five percent of sex workers were infected with HIV. During the 1990’s the infection was booming in Southern Africa, since HIV had been on the continent for a number of years, there were a few ideas about prevention campaigns, but those were to minimum effect because there was no effective treatment in Africa. In 1999, Kenyan president Daniel Arap Moi declared that HIV was a nation disaster. Eastern Africa HIV population was starting to drop off, Kampala HIV population had fallen from 30% down to 12%. In 2000, five pharmaceutical companies offered to help and reduce the prices on the HIV drugs for all of Africa and other poor regions. These companies fought for the lower prices to try and manufacture drugs for lower prices. This lead to generic drugs that they would sell to the ones in need in Africa. This started a scare because of the unstable health care they have in Africa. The next problem was some did not know how to properly take these drugs or how much to take. The distribution was one of many other problems the companies had, because it was difficult

How Did Shermans March End the Civil War

Shermans March to the Sea refers to a long stretch of devastating Union army movements during the United States Civil War. In the fall of 1864, the Union General William Tecumseh (Cump) Sherman took 60,000 men and pillaged his way through Georgias civilian farmsteads. The 360-mile march went from Atlanta in central Georgia to Savannah on the Atlantic coast and lasted from November 12–December 22. Burning Atlanta Sherman left Chattanooga in May 1864 and captured the vital railroad and supply center of Atlanta. There he out-maneuvered the Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston and laid siege to Atlanta under the command of General John Bell Hood, Johnstons replacement. On September 1, 1864, Hood evacuated Atlanta and withdrew his Army of Tennessee. In early October, Hood moved north of Atlanta to destroy Shermans rail lines, invade Tennessee and Kentucky, and draw the Union Forces away from Georgia. Sherman sent two of his army corps to reinforce Federal forces in Tennessee. Eventually, Sherman left Maj. General George H. Thomas to chase Hood and returned to Atlanta to begin his march to Savannah. On the 15th of November, Sherman left Atlanta in flames and turned his army east. Progress of the March The March to the Sea had two wings: the right wing (15th and 17th corps) headed by Major General Oliver Howard was to move south towards Macon; the left wing (14th and 20th corps), headed by Major General Henry Slocum, would move on a parallel route towards Augusta. Sherman thought the Confederates would likely fortify and defend both cities, and he planned to drive his army southeast between them, destroying the Macon-Savannah Railroad along his way to occupy Savannah. The explicit plan was to cut the south in two. Several important skirmishes along the way included: Milledgeville, November 23, 1864Sandersville, November 25–26Waynesboro, November 27Louisville, November 29–30Millen, December 2, an attempt to free Union prisoners A Policy Shift The March to the Sea was successful: Sherman captured Savannah and in that process, crippled vital military resources, brought the war to the heart of the South, and demonstrated the Confederacys inability to protect its own people. It was, however, at a terrible price. Early in the war, the North had maintained a conciliatory policy towards the south, in fact, there were explicit orders to leave families enough to survive on. As a result, the rebels pushed their limits: there was a steep rise in guerrilla warfare on the part of Confederate civilians. Sherman was convinced that nothing short of total war brought to the homes of Confederate civilians could change Southern attitudes about fighting to the death. He had been considering the tactic for years. In a letter written home in 1862, he told his family that the only way to defeat the south was as he had defeated Native Americans—by destroying their villages. How Sherman’s March Ended the War Having virtually vanished from the War Department’s view during his march to Savannah, Sherman chose to cut his supply lines and ordered his men to live off the land — and people — in their path. According to Shermans special field orders of November 9, 1865, his troops were to forage liberally in the country, each brigade commander organizing a party to gather resources as needed to keep at least ten days provisions for his commands. Foragers rode off in all directions, confiscating cows, pigs, and chickens from the scattered farms. Pastures and farmland became campsites, fence rows disappeared, and the countryside was scavenged for firewood. According to Sherman’s own estimates, his armies seized 5,000 horses, 4,000 mules, and 13,000 head of cattle, while confiscating 9.5 million pounds of corn and 10.5 million pounds of livestock fodder. Sherman’s so-called â€Å"scorched earth policies† remain controversial, with many Southerners still detesting his memory. Even the slaves affected at the time held varying opinions of Sherman and his troops. While thousands viewed Sherman as a great liberator and followed his armies to Savannah, others complained of suffering from the Union army’s invasive tactics. According to historian Jacqueline Campbell, the slaves often felt betrayed, as they â€Å"suffered along with their owners, complicating their decision of whether to flee with or from Union troops.† A Confederate officer cited by Campbell estimated that of some 10,000 slaves who trailed along with Sherman’s armies, hundreds died of â€Å"hunger, disease, or exposure,† as the Union officers took no actions to help them. Sherman’s March to the Sea devastated Georgia and the Confederacy. There were approximately 3,100 casualties of which 2,100 were Union soldiers, but the countryside took years to recover. Shermans march to the sea was followed by a similarly devastating march through the Carolinas early in 1865, but the message was clear. Southern predictions that the Union forces would become lost or decimated by hunger and guerilla attacks were proven false. Historian David J. Eicher wrote that â€Å"Sherman had accomplished an amazing task. He had defied military principles by operating deep within enemy territory and without lines of supply or communication. He destroyed much of the Souths potential and psychology to wage war.† The Civil War ended five months after Sherman marched into Savannah. Sources: Patrick JL, and Willey R. 1998. We have surely done a big work: The Diary of a Hoosier Soldier on Shermans March to the Sea. Indiana Magazine of History 94(3):214-239.Rhodes JF. 1901. Shermans March to the Sea. The American Historical Review 6(3):466-474.Schwabe E. 1985. Shermans March Through Georgia: A Reappraisal of the Right Wing. The Georgia Historical Quarterly 69(4):522-535.van Tuyll DR. 1999. Scalawags and Scoundrels? The Moral and Legal Dimensions of Shermans Last Campaigns. Studies in Popular Culture 22(2):33-45.Campbell, Jacqueline Glass, 2003.  When Sherman Marched North from the Sea: Resistance on the Confederate Home Front. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina PressEicher, David J.  2001. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War, New York: Simon Schuster.

Levi Jeans Free Essays

1. ) In the year 1873, when Levi Strauss first invested jeans, its target market was comprised merely of individuals who needed to wear durable, extra strong pants when seeking gold. The target market and the marketing techniques changed in many ways over the existence of the brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Levi Jeans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead of people wanting just wanting a comfortable jean when working they began to want something stylish and that celebrated the history of the product. For today’s market for jeans I would target the male and female demographic from ages 16-24. It said in the case that males and females from ages 20-30 could not recognize the GWG brand and i believe that a new jean with flare and teenage appeal can do very well in the market. For this market segment I would focus my effort on making my jeans Fashion forward, proper fit, cool and the image of the brand. I chose this target market because the clothing market itself is being dominated by these young individuals looking for the next â€Å"hip† trend. I believe that these teens have the ability to make their parents buy these products because they may become popular with the acquisition of the coolest jeans. By appealing to the market as a new hip jean you can price jeans for a higher price than the original jeans. I believe that the older demographic 40+ may already be loyal to a particular brand of jeans but the young adult demographic has not been tapped and the ability for growth is massive. 2) I believe for this target market the largest competition is higher class brands mentioned in the case such as Guess and Calvin Klein. These brands appeal to the younger demographic and are known as the popular and premium brand of jean. These are the closest competitor because young adults see movie stars on TV wearing these popular jeans and believe that is they buy these jeans they can emulate there favorite athletes or actors. By gaining access and being known as a stylish and premium brand of jean the new line will appeal to the target market of 16-24. 3. ) The GWG brand has a limited target market and does not represent a very big market share of the industry. The GWG brand has a fairly simple and traditional value proposition; this benefits the brand because the GWG jeans are remembered as an iconic symbol of the quintessential everyman’s working jeans and as a  pioneer in the jeans  industry. The favourable points of the  GWG brand are specific qualities that are valued by consumers. The brand enjoys a long-standing reputation as one of the very first to enter the industry. These are customers that are loyal to the brand and can rely n the quality and comfort of the jeans, GWG is valued by the comfort, durability and the fact that customers can rely on brand. These points of parity have come about because GWG is known as the working men’s jean with the older demographic (40+) can always rely on GWG as producing a quality pair of jeans that they can go back to. As one 44 year old male said â€Å"GWGs are rough, rugged and a good fit. They’re are not fashionable, but can take more washings and last longer before tearing apart at the seams. . This quote epitomizes what a GWG jean represents and this is the reason they still have favourable points of value. I think comparing them to a company such as Carharrt can benefit the brand. Both brands are known for being clothing that is used by the working man. I think that the resonating focus of GWG is that it is a brand that was around for both world wars and is a product that can be recognized for its comfort and its ability to appeal to the working man. 4. I believe that the most appropriate distribution channel for the new type of jeans is to market it through boutiques in malls and other popular retail chains. If the young adult demographic can recognize these jeans while in the retailers this will draw the individuals to the product. I think with the resonating focus of being a reliable brand, parents will recognize the brand of Levi and will support the kids more if they decided to buy a product this new product because they have notion th at this pair of jeans aren’t just stylish but also can be reliable and long lasting. How to cite Levi Jeans, Essay examples

Levi Jeans Free Essays

1. ) In the year 1873, when Levi Strauss first invested jeans, its target market was comprised merely of individuals who needed to wear durable, extra strong pants when seeking gold. The target market and the marketing techniques changed in many ways over the existence of the brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Levi Jeans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead of people wanting just wanting a comfortable jean when working they began to want something stylish and that celebrated the history of the product. For today’s market for jeans I would target the male and female demographic from ages 16-24. It said in the case that males and females from ages 20-30 could not recognize the GWG brand and i believe that a new jean with flare and teenage appeal can do very well in the market. For this market segment I would focus my effort on making my jeans Fashion forward, proper fit, cool and the image of the brand. I chose this target market because the clothing market itself is being dominated by these young individuals looking for the next â€Å"hip† trend. I believe that these teens have the ability to make their parents buy these products because they may become popular with the acquisition of the coolest jeans. By appealing to the market as a new hip jean you can price jeans for a higher price than the original jeans. I believe that the older demographic 40+ may already be loyal to a particular brand of jeans but the young adult demographic has not been tapped and the ability for growth is massive. 2) I believe for this target market the largest competition is higher class brands mentioned in the case such as Guess and Calvin Klein. These brands appeal to the younger demographic and are known as the popular and premium brand of jean. These are the closest competitor because young adults see movie stars on TV wearing these popular jeans and believe that is they buy these jeans they can emulate there favorite athletes or actors. By gaining access and being known as a stylish and premium brand of jean the new line will appeal to the target market of 16-24. 3. ) The GWG brand has a limited target market and does not represent a very big market share of the industry. The GWG brand has a fairly simple and traditional value proposition; this benefits the brand because the GWG jeans are remembered as an iconic symbol of the quintessential everyman’s working jeans and as a  pioneer in the jeans  industry. The favourable points of the  GWG brand are specific qualities that are valued by consumers. The brand enjoys a long-standing reputation as one of the very first to enter the industry. These are customers that are loyal to the brand and can rely n the quality and comfort of the jeans, GWG is valued by the comfort, durability and the fact that customers can rely on brand. These points of parity have come about because GWG is known as the working men’s jean with the older demographic (40+) can always rely on GWG as producing a quality pair of jeans that they can go back to. As one 44 year old male said â€Å"GWGs are rough, rugged and a good fit. They’re are not fashionable, but can take more washings and last longer before tearing apart at the seams. . This quote epitomizes what a GWG jean represents and this is the reason they still have favourable points of value. I think comparing them to a company such as Carharrt can benefit the brand. Both brands are known for being clothing that is used by the working man. I think that the resonating focus of GWG is that it is a brand that was around for both world wars and is a product that can be recognized for its comfort and its ability to appeal to the working man. 4. I believe that the most appropriate distribution channel for the new type of jeans is to market it through boutiques in malls and other popular retail chains. If the young adult demographic can recognize these jeans while in the retailers this will draw the individuals to the product. I think with the resonating focus of being a reliable brand, parents will recognize the brand of Levi and will support the kids more if they decided to buy a product this new product because they have notion th at this pair of jeans aren’t just stylish but also can be reliable and long lasting. How to cite Levi Jeans, Essay examples

The Ataris - So Long Astoria free essay sample

With So Long Astoria, many changes by The Ataris are duly marked. Expectations among a large fan base are high, but perhaps higher than usual because this is their major label debut. This album could launch them into mainstream popularity, or cast them from their traditional roots, or a combination. Over the past few years, this quartet from Southern California has swept the country gaining fans at a greater rate than the typical punk band. With their tales of young love and heartbreak, and catchy riffs wrapped in a slightly pop punk sound, The Ataris have a sound that is truly their own. The zenith of their career thus far, Blue Skies, Broken Hearts Next 12 Exits, is the standard by which I measure most of their music. This album is in my top five of all time; it never loses its effect on me. But to compare So Long Astoria to Blue Skies somehow just isnt right. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ataris So Long Astoria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can definitely see growth in this album, but not as much in the music as in the presentation. This album gives me a sense of The Ataris as adults rather than their traditional adolescent quality. They have toned down their sound a little (Chris Knapp mellowed out his normally frantic drumming considerably) while still staying true to it, a key accomplishment in a good band. There is deeper content in these new songs, too. In My Reply, frontman Kris Roe tells of an overseas fan who is dying and writes his response to her final letter. And in The Saddest Song, he explains to his young daughter why he is barely around. There is also a great cover of Don Henleys The Boys of Summer and a new version of their I Wont Spend Another Night Alone. No review is complete without some criticism, and I think there are too many slow, mellow songs. Halfway through I tend to get bored and anxious; I wish there was at least one up-tempo song to break my sedated mood. This album lacks the well-rounded quality the band normally has. When most bands turn major label, their sound, and sometimes image, is butchered in the process, but I can thankfully say that this is not the case with So Long Astoria. Although it is not the best The Ataris have to offer, it is the logical next step, and still holds onto what makes them a great band. They get you to realize youre only young once, and should enjoy all the things most of us worry about. As a fan for many years now, I wish them the best of luck. They truly deserve it because they play their music with passion. Try seeing one of their shows or picking up an album, you wont regret it.

Spartan Education Essay Example For Students

Spartan Education Essay When examining any society, one of the most important aspects of its civilization to identify is the education of the youth. Children yearn to please their instructors. Therefore, when all children throughout a society are taught a certain way to live and think, when they grow up, the society itself models these values instilled upon the children. Naturally, when using this ideal to study the history of the Ancient Greeks, focus falls upon its two major city-states, Athens and Sparta. As in almost every aspect of comparison, the difference between the education of the warlike Spartans compared to the education of the philosophical Athenians is like comparing black to white. The main focus of a Spartan education was not to focus on literacy. Instead, as a result of the system of helotry practiced in Sparta, fitness, obedience, and courage had to be taught in order for the Spartans to retain the militaristic supremacy that they had over the rest of the Peloponnesus. We will write a custom essay on Spartan Education specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In contrast, an Athenian education was devoted to the three basic categories of literacy, music, and physical education in hopes of creating intelligent, well-rounded citizens who could responsibly participate in the Assembly. For purposes of comparison, the education of both societies can be broken down into three distinct periods of age in which certain traits were taught and which certain schools were attended. When education was complete, the society had successfully refined another child into its strict system of beliefs and principles.In the eighth century B. C., Sparta was in need of more fertile land to support an ever-growing population that demanded food. Consequently, Sparta was forced to do what any ancient civilization did when in need of

American Views essays

American Views essays America is a place of freedom and independence. Our country is considered by most to be the best country in the world. America has not always been what it is now. Explorers, settlers, and Indians all affected the American continent and made it into what it is today. America was not discovered or explored until the late fifteenth century. The explorers were amazed by the mysterious new world; the settlers were ignorant of the land and its people (the Native American Indians); and the Indians were respectful of their home and learned to live with nature. Many people explored the new world in search of great things. People such as Coronado searched for gold and riches, while others like Columbus simply stumbled upon the land. Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of America, liked the new world and found it fascinating. He never really developed a hate for the land, this may be because he never spent a lot of time actually on the land near the Indians. His purpose was not to explore the continent, it was merely a misshapen he discovered the large mass of land anyway. Columbus thought that America was a great place with a great climate and much to offer. Another explorer, Cabeza de Vaca and his men lived with the Indians in their harsh environment for eight months. The weather was miserable, the food was scarce, and the terrain was rough. These explorers had no idea what to expect from the new world, but they soon found out. They soon came to respect the land, working hard to survive. Their views differed from Columbus ! because they experienced the New World first hand for a long period of time. The explorers opinion of America varied according to why they were on the land. Some were in search of riches, others in seek of land, and others had no purpose-just luck. The first settlers held similar views as the explorers, but the settlers chose to settle on the land for longer periods o ...

Managing innovation and technology case study Essay

Managing innovation and technology case study - Essay Example The phone was called IBM Simon and it is regarded as the first Smartphone (Sager, 2012). The concept of Smartphones however dates back to 1970s. IBM Simon was the first commercial cell phone to have a touch screen interface. Since the launch of IBM Simon, the market for Smartphones has grown tremendously. After the launch of I Phone in 2007, the market for Smartphones changed significantly. Companies started to come up with innovative designs and features for customers. I Phone actually showed cell phone manufactures the potential market of Smartphones. Since then the market has grown at a greater pace and many big companies have entered the market of Smartphones like Google and HTC (Market Research, 2012). Smartphones are different from regular cell phones because of their superior features and enhanced connectivity. They are based on mobile operating systems that provide users with greater speed, innovative features, and enhanced internet connectivity. Smartphones usually have touch screen interface which adds to the features and design of the phone. All these unique characteristics of Smartphones make them popular among the general public. There are many advantages of Smartphones like portability, better internet connectivity, increased memory space, and user friendly operating systems. Smartphones combine, to some degree, features of a regular phone and a computer. They allow users to send and receive emails, and also to browse the internet (Jones, 2012). These phones also have mobile based operating system that allows better integration with applications of different manufacturers. The main advantage of a Smartphone is its portability as one can carry it almost anywhere and can enjoy its features even on the move. Smartphones also have some disadvantages. Smartphones have made us increasingly dependent on technology. There seems to now work life balance in our lives as we are always ‘connected’ to the world. Smartphones also

Self-assessment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-assessment - Term Paper Example Based on the big five personality assessment, the aspect of openness to experience and intellect had a score of 47% which was judged as typically uncreative. This needs improvement which will mainly be guided by getting involved in creative sessions, complex activities, though on a gradual process and more conventional aspects of the learning environment. This is important given the current global trends that require creativity for one to ail through in whatever career they choose. Conscientiousness was ranked at 64% which meant that I am able to organize myself and am reliable. However, there needs to be an improvement to attain self-discipline. Self-discipline in any working or social environment is important because it sets one apart from all the rest (Drucker, 2010). Reliability will come in handy too in other areas within the organization. Extraversion was ranked at 64% which meant that I relatively enjoy social gatherings. There needs to be some improvement in the area of being talkative and fun-loving. I am however more agreeable, at 74%, which indicates consideration for the feelings of others. This needs to be maintained and nurtured (Kelvin, 2011). I am also more relaxed during a crisis which was ranked under neuroticism and had a score of 27%. Such is an important attribute when in management or dealing with hostile people in social settings while in school, this is something that aids in creating bond with many people, hence a better lifestyle and a peaceful environment for all. The emotional intelligence quiz showed a high score on emotional intelligence. This implies that I am good at skills that have to deal with the interpretation and understanding of emotions and also when there is a need to act upon those skills. However, more work is required to maintain these since adeptness to react and deal with social and emotional conflicts is always an important attribute in real-life situations. Emotional intelligence is

Behaviour of Termites: Breeding and Effects of Repellents

Behaviour of Termites: Breeding and Effects of Repellents Introduction and Review of Literature General biology of termite Termites are social insects that live in colonies, which, in turn, function because the complementary roles played by the different caste. In United States, subterranean termites, Coptotermes spp. and Reticulitermes spp. are the most destructive and cause substantial economic damage to buildings/structures (Su Scheffrahn 1990). A population of subterranean termites is comprised of distinct colonies. Colonies may occupy underground networks that link several foraging sites (Thorne Breish 2001). Termite foraging behavior The nutritional ecology of termites has played a significant role in shaping their evolution and ecology organization (Thorne, 1999). To understand colony structure and the organization of foraging termites, it has been necessary to map both nest and feeding sites, frequently using behavioral assays of aggression to ascertain the colony affinity of a given nest or group of workers occupying a food source (Long Thorne 2006). Also, dye indicators and mark release recapture studies have been developed to attempt to census colonies, determine colony boundaries, and plot the distribution of foragers and other spatial aspects of resource use (Su et al. 1984, Forschler Townsend 1996, Thorne et al. 1996, Abdul Hafiz et al. 2007). Studies of termite foraging range generally offer statistic description of colony nest and satellite sub nest distribution and sometimes reveal the temporal dynamics of foraging range expansion and territorially, similar to what has been described in ants. Colony structure and the spatial organization of foraging in termites are, nevertheless, poorly understood in comparison to other social insects. The cryptic nesting and foraging habits of subterranean termites have hindered our understanding of many important features of their population biology, especially the distinctness of colonies and the breeding system within colonies. Their cryptic foraging and nesting habits, many features of subterranean termite biology have been difficult to study by using the traditional methods of field investigation. The main obstacle has been a lack of practical methods for delineating large numbers of colonies (Long Thorne 2006). Termite control Chemical and physical barriers to prevent them from reaching wood construction are two basic methods that have been used to control termites. Currently, insecticides used for termite control can be categorized into three groups, organochlorine, cyclodiens, which are being phased out of use because of potential damage to the environment and human health; pyrethroids, which considered not effective because of their repellency and short residual life in soil; and new termiticides that are considered as non repellent and slow acting termiticide (Potter and Hillary 2003). Remedial control is extremely difficult with acutely toxic chemicals because termites avoid area with dead termites, preventing any further contact with the toxicant. For the Formosan subterranean termites, remedial control using slow-acting toxic baits is are more acceptable method than the use of acutely toxic insecticides. Sub lethal insecticide exposure may be expected to influence insect behavior because most insect icides attack the nervous system resulting in detection by insects, distruption of physiological processes, and behavioral resistance (Haynes 1988, Silverman and Bieman 1993). The purpose of applying insecticides to soil proximal to a structures foundation of a continuous insecticide barrier in soils under and around the structure (Kamble, 1991). This barrier may be created by using either pre or post construction techniques. Post construction insecticide application technique include void treatments, soils trenching, sub slab injections, and soil rodding application. Chemical and physical barriers to prevent them from reaching wood construction are two basic methods that have been used to control termites (Abdul Hafiz et al. 2007). Remedial control is extremely difficult with acutely toxic chemicals because termites avoid area with dead termites, preventing any further contact with the toxicant. Sub lethal insecticide exposure may be expected to influence insect behavior because most insecticides attack the nervous system resulting in detection by insects, disruptions of physiological processes, and behavioral resistance (Haynes Baker 1988, Silverman Bi eman 1993) Non repellent termiticide Termiticide that do not repel termites from penetrating into treated soil but rather successfully kill them were recently registered in the United States (Kard 2003) and other parts of the world. They have become popular alternatives to conventional repellent soil-poisoning agents (Shelton and Grace 2003). Nonrepellent termiticides have been shown to be effective for the elimination of termite infestations when applied around the exterior perimeter of the building (Potter Hillary 2001) New generations of termiticides which contain imidacloprid (Premise ®), fipronil (Termidor ®) and indoxacarb, chlorfenapyr (Phantom ®), Chlorantraniliprole are used as soil-applied or by direct injection in the colony, posed lethal effects to subterranean termite (Osbrink Lax 2003; Kamble Davis, 2005; Hu et al., 2005; Spomer et al.,2009). The advantages of these new termiticides are slow-acting and non-repellent. Thus, termites cannot detect these termiticides when applied in to the soil or when used on filter paper in the laboratory. The transfer effect of imidacloprid, fipronil and indoxacarb among termite workers was studied by researchers and results showed that the termites were able to transfer the termiticides from the treated termites (donors) to the untreated termites (recipients) (Kard 2003, Thorne and Berisch 2001, Vargo Parman 2004, Tomalski and Vargo 2005, Hu et al. 2005, Shelton Grace 2006; Spomer et al.,2009). Termite baiting Baiting for suppression or elimination of subterranean termites is not a new idea. The ultimate goal of termite baits is to eliminate termites from structure (Su 1994, Su et al. 2000). Recently, hexaflumuron baits have successfully been applied to control the field colonies of Coptotermes spp. and Reticulitermes spp. (Su 1994, Su et al. 2000). At the same time Nouviflumuron also have been widely used in termite baiting. In laboratory trials in which R. flavipes were fed radiolabeled noviflumuron or hexaflumuron, noviflumuron demonstrated significantly faster speed of action, greater potency, and nearly 4-fold slower clearance from termites compared with that of hexaflumuron (Sheets et al. 2000; Karr et al. 2004, Spomer Kamble, 2006). Primer pheromones (Wilson Bossert, 1963) are chemical messengers that can be passed among individuals, thereby triggering a physiological response in a recipient. In termites, JH is one such primer pheromone (Henderson 1996); it includes presoldiers differentiation from workers at excessively high titer. The differentiation of the soldier caste, a development end point, in respond to JH is indirect in maintaining immature features in all other non social insects (Henderson, 1996). In the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in the research on and the development of bait systems for termite management. The increasing availability of bait systems for the control of active termite infestations is already significantly affecting termite management practices in many part of the world. There is even discussion of using such system as standalone measures for the long- term protection of a structure (Su et al. 2001; Grace et al. 1996). Even though these important and remarkable trends, baiting is developing technology, and many more changes to existing bait technology can be expected (Potter 1997). The bait matrices containing hexaflumuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, were most effective in reducing or eliminating foraging populations of Coptotermes formasanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar (Su Scheffrahn, 1996, Su, 1994). Molecular genetic marker The application of molecular genetic markers to the field populations of subterranean termite provides a powerful way to discriminate among large numbers of colonies be identified and distinguished from each other. The application of molecular genetic marker to field populations of subterranean termites provides a powerful way to discriminate among large numbers of conspecific colonies in a population as well as to determine colony breeding structure (Husseneder et.al. 2003) Genetic markers provide the most powerful means for delineating the boundaries of colonies and for determining colony affiliation for groups of foraging workers (Thorne et al.1999, Vargo 2003a,b). Microsatellite markers, with their co-dominant nature and high variability, are especially useful for investigation of colony distinctness (Vargo 2003b). Genetic markers are also the most practical way to determine colony breeding structure (Thorne et al.1999, Ross 2001), and there have been a growing number of genetic studies of breeding systems in termites (Luykx 1993, Husseneder et al. 1997, 1999, Husseneder Grace 2001a, 2001b, Vargo et al. 2003), including some on Reticulitermes spp. (Cle ´ment 1986, Reilly 1987, Jenkins et al. 2002, Bulmer et al. 2001, Vargo 2003b). The most detailed studies to date of the eastern subterranean termite, R. flavipes, are those of Reilly (1987) using allozymes, Bulmer et al. (2001) using allozymes and mitochondrial DNA haplotype data, and Vargo (2003a,b) using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. These studies have revealed variation in colony social organization in R. flavipes from very highly inbred colonies in Tennessee (Reilly 1987), to a mixture of approximately one third simple families and two thirds inbred colonies headed by many neotenic reproductives in Massachusetts (Bu lmer et al. 2001), to three fourths simple families and one fourth inbred families with only a few neotenics in North Carolina (Vargo 2003b). The above studies were conducted in natural areas, and there are no comparable studies performed to date in urban areas around buildings. Colony social organization in R. flavipes may vary in response to local ecological conditions (Bulmer et al. 2001), raising the possibility that for a given geographic area, colonies in urban habitats may differ in their social organization from those in natural habitats. In a study of Reticulitermes Hesperus Banks in southern California, Haagsma and Rust (1995) found differences in colony size, foraging activity, and body weight between colonies in natural and urban habitats. In addition to providing a powerful way to determine colony distinctness and to infer colony breeding structure in subterranean termites, molecular genetic markers are useful for applied studies, such as tracking colonies over time after exposure to an insecticide treatment and determining whether termites that reappear after treatment are part of the originally treated colony or are from a neighboring untreated colony that has moved into the area (Husseneder et al. 2003). Such studies are critical in the evaluation of management practices that target septic colonies and aim to eliminate them or greatly suppress their populations. Genetic/breeding structure population Colony fusion For social organisms, genetic structure assumes additional significant not only for the evaluation of social behavior, but also for the evolution of multiple queen societies, reproductive skew, sex ratio conflict, conflict over growth versus reproduction. Colony fusion has long been a suspected mechanism generating unusual colony genetic structure in termites. Colony genetic structure, reported a lack of genetic differentiation between colonies of Reticulitermes grasseiacross some regions of France and Spain. Together with this genetic data, a lack of distinct nest mate discrimination in laboratory trials (Clement 1986) suggested that colony fusion was widespread in some populations. Although recent studies have failed to corroborate these earlier descriptions of widespread colony fusion in this species (DeHeer et al. 2005), Clements work raised considerable awareness about colony fusion for those working on other subterranean termites. In introduced populations of Coptotermes formos anus, inter-colony aggression is often found to be weak or variable (Husseneder and Grace 2001a, Cornelius Osbrink, 2003) and one mark-release-recapture study described patterns consistent with a colony fusion event (Su and Scheffrahn, 1988). Nevertheless, genetic evidence for colony fusion in this species has remained elusive in spite of the relatively large numbers of colonies which have been assayed (Vargo et al., 2003, 2006; Husseneder et al., 2005). For Reticulitermes flavipes many experimental results have suggested the possibility that colony boundaries were porous. Laboratory agonism studies (Grace 1996, Polizzi and Forschler 1998, 1999, Bulmer and Traniello 2002, Fisher and Gold, 2003) and field surveys of molecular diversity (Jenkins et al. 2002, Bulmer et al. 2001) both suggested that individuals originating from different colonies may not distinguish between nestmates and non-nestmates, and consequently share the same nests or tunnel systems. However, in contrast to other species of subterranean termites these findings in R. flavipes have been confirmed via more direct assessments of colony fusion (Fisher et al. 2004), including one molecular study that provided a time course of colony genotypes before and after merger (DeHeer and Vargo 2004). Such fused colonies also appear to occur in other groups of termites. The relatedness hypothesis indicates that fused colonies are preferentially formed between groups of related termites because any costs associated with fusion are reduced when relatedness remains high in these colonies. This argument necessarily assumes that such colonies experience some general benefits to increasing their size (Costa and Ross, 2003). The genetic diversity hypothesis posits that increased genetic diversity provides sufficient group-level benefits to offset the costs of decreased relatedness within colonies. The specific benefits of increased genetic diversity could include the same types of benefits hypothesized to occur elsewhere (Schmid-Hempel and Crozier, 1999), in addition to the potential benefit that could result from a reduction in inbreeding. Simple family extend family Subterranean termite colony such as Coptotermes formosanus, generally begin as simple families headed by two primary (alate derived) reproductives that pair after mating (Tamashiro et al. 1987, Raina et al. 2003). As time goes by, the primary king and/or queen will be replaced by varying numbers of neotenics (non alate derived reproductives) from within colony; where this replacement leads to extended families with different degrees of inbreeding depending on the number of reproductives and number of generation of inbreeding (Thorne et.al 1999, Bulmer et al. 2001, Vargo et al. 2006, Husseneder et al. 2007) Bioinformatics/ Computational Molecular Biology Biological database is a large, organized body of persistent data, usually associated with computerized software designed to update, query, and retrieve components of the data stored within the system. A simple database can be a single file containing many records, each of which includes the same set of information (Lewis et al. 1995). For example, a record associated with a nucleotide sequence database typically contains information such as contact name, the input sequence with a description of the type of molecule, the scientific name of the source organism from which it was isolated, and often, literature citations associated with the sequence. The term of Bioinformatics meaning the application of information technology to the field of molecular biology. Bioinformatics currently contains the creation and advancement of databases, algorithms, computational and statistical techniques, and theory to solve formal and practical problems arising from the management and analysis of biological data (Hogeweg1980). Over the past few decades rapid developments in genomic and other molecular research technologies and developments in information technologies have combined to produce a tremendous amount of information related to molecular biology. It is the name given to these mathematical and computing approaches used to glean understanding of biological processes. Common activities in bioinformatics include mapping and analyzing DNA and protein sequences, aligning different DNA and protein sequences to compare them and creating and viewing 3-D models of protein structures (Huang 2004) Bioinformatics focus on developing and applying computationally intensive techniques (data mining, machine learning algorithms, and visualization) to achieve this goal. Major research efforts in the field include sequence alignment, gene finding, genome assembly, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, prediction of gene expression and protein-protein interactions, genome-wide association studies and the modeling of evolution (Huang 2004). In the application of molecular ecology studies of termites, mitochondrial genes were used for taxonomy purpose in termites (Cameron Whitting, 2007). Thus, the whole mitochondrial genome can be used to predict useful regions for further investigation in the multiple alignments methods application. Multiple alignments are the key starting point for prediction of protein secondary structure, residue accessibility, and the identification of residues important for specificity. Multiple alignments can provide the basis for the most sensitive sequence searching algorithms (Barton Sternberg, 1990). Furthermore, methods in multiple alignments affective analysis of a well-constructed multiple alignments can provide important clues about which residues in the protein are important for stabilizing the second and tertiary structure of the protein (Altschul et al. 1997) ClustalW will calculates the best match for the selected sequences, and lines them up so that the identities, similarities and differences can be seen and will provide a better quality for sequences (Thomson et al. 1994). Meanwhile, T-Cofee application is better to overcome with some of the problems that standard hierarchical method s have in aligning sequences of very different length or that share only local region similarity (Notredame et al. 2000). The program works by building a library of pairwise alignments for the sequence interest. Furthermore, T coffee has been adapted to include structural alignment and alignments from threading algorithms since it can work from pairwise alignments that originate from any source (Notredame et al. 2000). In addition, the program PSI-BLAST searches database with a single sequence, any high-scoring sequences that are found are built into a multiple alignment, and this multiple alignment is then used to derive a search profile for subsequent s earch of the database. This process is repeated until no new sequences are added to profile, or a specific number of iteration have been performed (Jones 1999). Research Objectives To test non-repellent termiticide model assay for their ability to induce detectable molecular changes in worker termites e. g., hemolymph proteins their corresponding genes. To infer the colony social organization of R. flavipes in urban habitat based on colony and population genetic structure and to compare this social organization in nearby natural habitat, To track the foraging locations of a large number of Reticulitermes colonies from natural forest (Wilderness Park) over the course of three field seasons using previously developed microsatellites by Vargo (2000). To analyze colony and population genetic structure/breeding system in natural and urban regions in order to determine the prevalence of neotenic reproduction and improve our understanding of the factors facilitating the spread of subterranean termites to new urban areas To determine the termite colony either a simple colony or extended colony using molecular ecology methods and also to determine if the colony undergo any kind of colony fusion To delineate the genetic structure of swarm aggregations of alates in order to infer potential mechanisms leading to inbreeding avoidance that do not require kin recognition. To utilize bioinformatic/molecular computational biology application tools to analyzing data at molecular level using BLAST, Clustal X, TCofee for sequencing analysis, pairwise/multiple alignment to study colony breeding structure of R.flavipes MATERIALS AND METHODS Termite Collection Sampling Reticulitermes flavipes, the Eastern subterranean termite, will be collected from locations within Wilderness Park Recreational Area, Lincoln; NE. Twenty workers will be sampled in each collection point located every 20 m along two intersection transects. The termites will be maintained on moistened corrugated cardboard and only 3-5th instar worker termites will be used for the study. Detection of fused colonies In order to detect colonies that had undergone fusion, collections of termites from large numbers of established colonies of R. flavipes will be collected between May 2009 and October 2011. At each location, minimum of 20 adult workers in 95%ethanol from multiple feeding sites, and mapped the locations of these feeding sites relative to one another using compass and measuring tape (DeHeer and Vargo, 2004). Samples will be stored in alcohol at 480C until DNAisolations could be performed. Microsatellite genotyping (Fusion Inbreeding) Using the Puregene DNA purification kit (Gentra systems, Minnepolis MN, www.gentra.com), genomic DNA will be isolated from each of 20 whole worker bodies from each of the feeding sites. At the location, minimum of 20 adult workers in 95% ethanol from multiple feeding sites will be collected, and mapped the locations of these feeding sites, and the locations of these feeding sites will be mapped relative to one another using compass and measuring tape. Each genotype individual termites at six different microsatellite loci : Rf1-3, Rf21-1 and Rf24-2 from Vargo (2000) and Rs15, Rs76, and Rs78 from Dronnet et al. (2004). PCR reactions will be setup in 96oC. Well plates in 5ul reaction mixtures containing 1X PCR buffer (Eppendorf), 2mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 0.2 U Taq polymerase (Eppendorf), 0.4 pmol of forward primer. Forward primers will be labeled with IRD 700 fluorescent dye (LI-COR), and samples were run on Li-Cor 4200L automated sequencer. Gel image will scored manually on Adobe Photoshop 7.0 by comparison to a size ladder. Colony affiliations To determine colony affiliation of the collection points, methods of other studies will be followed. Testing all pairs of collection points within each species for genotypic differentiation by means of a permutation test by using the program FSTAT (Goudet 2001). Pairs of collection points that will be significantly differentiated will be grouped into the same colony Morphology Scanning electron microscopic pictures (coronal and profile views) will made of the heads for each species) and will be studied using a binocular microscope to evaluate the profile of the post clypeus. Colour of the tibia of reproductives will be noted because this feature is an informative morphological indicator in association with the postclypeus profile. Genetic Data Analysis/ Simple or Extend Colony (Breeding Structure) The collection points will be analyzed to determine belonged to the same colony. The genotypic frequencies between all pairs of collection points by means of a log-likehood (G) based test of differentiation using the program GENEPOP on the Web (Raymond Rousset 1995; http://genepop.curtin.edu.au/). The overall significance will be determined via Fishers combined probability test. G-test analysis will be performed with collection points over the large scale with multiple collection points within the extensively sampled sites and finally among the colonies from each population to verify genetic differences will be used. Colonies will be classified as simple families when workers had genotypes consistent with being the direct offspring of one pair of reproductives and when the observed frequencies of the genotypes did not differ significantly from those expected under Mendelian segregation of alleles from two parents. Significance will be determines by a G-twst (P Colonies will be classified as extended families when the genotype distributions within colonies were not consistent with being produced by a single pair of reproductives (e.g more than four genotypes at a locus or three or more homozygote genotypes) or genotypes frequencies deviated significantly from those expected in simple families. Genetic relatedness among workers will be estimated for each colony and averaged over colonies for the same site will be using the computer program RELATEDNESS 5.00 (Queller Goodnight 1989) Inbreeding-adjusted estimate of relatedness r* that better reflects the number of reproductive presents in each colony by using Pamilo (1985) formula R*= r- [ 2FIT /(1+FIT)]/ [1-2FIT/(1+FIT)] I,C,T representing different colonies The breeding system and genetic differentiation among colonies will be investigated with hierarchial F statistics, assuming the infinite allele model and with individuals nested in colonies. The hierarchical analysis will be performed with F-stat program. It will be investigated whether there will be isolation by distance (a positive correlation between genetic differentiation and geographical distance) by calculating Fst between pairs of collection points within large colonies using the programe FSTAT 2.9.3.2 and by testing the significance of correlation between FST/(1-FST) and logarithm of geographical distances with MANTEL test (Mantel 1967). Computer program GENEPOP, with 10 000 permutations and the Mantel correlation coefficient r can be obtained with MANTEL (http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/soft-mult.html) Estimating Colony Foraging Area Termite collected at a sampling point will considered to be affliated with a given colony if Fct, which measured genetic differentiation between collection points, will not significantly different from zero (i.e., 95% confidence interval did not overlap with zero. Fct will be measured between all possible combinations of collection points pair at each site. Variation in mitochondrial DNA markers will be provided additional support for colony designation (Bulmer et al. 2001). The maximum linear distance between collection points affiliated with the same colony will be used to estimate foraging range. For colonies that will be composed of three or more collection points (n+4), will be estimated the area encompassed by non intersecting lines drawn between collection points and adjusted so it did not overlap with neighboring collection points affiliated with different colonies. Swarming trap The swarm aggregation of alates will be collected alive with light traps. The traps consisted of buckets with a battery operated black light attached to attract the alates. Flight Observation Sticky trap will be used to monitor the dispersal flights of these species, which, in hindsight, may help explain some of the differences in how they are genetically structured. In addition their emergence and landing location. Sex ratio Sex ratio in swarm aggregations were tested for significant deviation from 1:1 using Binomial tests. Swarm aggregations were tested for significant genotypic differentiation with log likehood G Statistics using FSTAT 2.9.3.2 Bioassay Genetic mutation/change after being exposed to non repellent termiticide The concentrations were 0.001, 1.00, 10,100 and 1000 ppm for fipronil, imidacloprid and indoxacarb. In addition, distilled water was used as control for each termiticide. The method used for treatment was described by Hu (2005). Five kilograms of soil were collected from the site of the subterranean termite C. gestroi colony. The soil was then oven-dried. One kilogram for each termiticide was sieved and subsequently divided into six parts. The soil was placed in 100g increments into self-sealing plastic bags for treatment. Ten milliliters of the five concentrations of, fipronil, imidacloprid and indoxacarb will be added to the 100 g bag of soil for testing. The bags were sealed and allowed to mix thoroughly. The soil will be removed from the bags and placed in plastic bags (12 by 115 cm). The termiticide-treated soil was air-dried in a hood for ten days to allow solvents in the formulation to evaporate. Treatments were replicated three times using new stock solutions for each replicate. Bioassay design: Bioassay tubes designed by Su et al. (1995) will be used to investigate termite penetration in various thicknesses of termiticide-treated soil (Figure1). At time of testing, dried treated soil will be removed from the hood, placed into plastic bags and 10 ml of water was pipetted into the bags to obtain 10% moisture content. Three (3 cm) wooden applicator sticks were placed at the bottom of the glass test tube (2 by 15 cm), and 7% non-nutrient agar was inserted into the test tube until it rested on the wooden sticks. Oven-dried and sieved soil will be placed into plastic bags and moistened to concentrations of 10% (10ml /100g) to serve as untreated sand in the test designs. A 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, or 10cm layer of termiticide-treated soil was centered between two layers of untreated soil (Figure.1). A glass funnel will be used to place the soil in the test tube and a scintillation vial (10ml) attached to the shank of a screwdriver was used to lightly and level the layers of soil. A 5 cm segment of termiticides-treated soil and a 5 cm segment of untreated soil served as control. Additionally, layers of untreated soil at various thicknesses in the bioassay tube will be served as control. The soil segment will be capped with a 1.0 cm core of agar and a 4cm by 4 cm portion of paper towel folded placed on the top of the tube. Eighty C. gestroi workers and five soldiers (20:1) were placed in each test tube to simulate normal termite activity and prevent overcrowding. A piece of aluminum foil will be placed over the top and end of each tube, and will be covered with black plastic container to allow for darkness and prevent desiccation of the termites. Bioassay tubes will be kept at 29 ±1 °C. The experiment was a 6 (concentrations) x 3 (replicates) x 5 (soil thickness) factorial design with concentration and thickness as the main effects. Test tubes will be held vertically in test tube racks with termites at the top of the tube. Observations will be made daily up to one week for the number of worker termite mortality, vertical distance of treated soil penetrated by termites and percentage of penetration into treated soil. The percentage of termite mortality and soil penetration data were subjected to arc-sine transformation before analysis of variance and means were separated with Tukey HSD. Then percentage of penetration into treated soil and the percentage of mortality were analyzed with analysis of variances (ANOVA). Also the percentage of surviving termites located at the bottom of the bioassay unit was analyzed. DNA will be isolated from dead termite to b

“The Other Side of Eden” by Brody

â€Å"The Other Side of Eden is directly based in Brody’s experience when he lived and leaned from Aboriginal Elders. Actually the book touches the question of American Aboriginal cultures and provides new anthropological perspectives to them. The author discusses the Canadian Aboriginal cultures such as Gitxsan, Dunne-za and Inuit. Brody challenges general anthropological assumptions concerning hunter-gathers societies. The book is divided into six chapters headed: language, creation, time, words, gods, and mind.The author tries to counter the idea that Aboriginal hunter-gatherers are not nomadic and provides evidence of their being agricultural culture. It is interesting to notice that Brody’s style of writing is highly figurative and has strong relation to his previous works on the same topic. The book is written from legal transcripts, from field notes and from the memory of the past years. The book is written for academy to honor the memory of lives shared by Brod y. (Brody 2000)It is necessary to mention that in his book the author employs new approach aimed at deconstructing the â€Å"hunter-gatherer trope†. Therefore the author collected and revisited field notes as well as historical documents. The legal transcripts are brought from the ethnographical link. It is known that Brody conducted original researches to find more evidence for the book. Brody calls for recognition respect of â€Å"hunter-gatherer societies† in his book as they preserve their land compared with the â€Å"agriculturalist transformations†. (Brody 2000)While many authors tend to limit the political associations suggested by ancestors of Aboriginal cultures in USA and to maintain the ecological integrity, Brody makes an attempt to overcome those limits. It is apparent that he is not interested in natural ecology, because he strongly deconstructs the myth tat â€Å"indigenous systems that existed before contact were maladaptive to their various env ironments†. He provides the evidence that those Aboriginal cultures are unable to successfully adapt to economic development as well as natural resource development – they wouldn’t understand why and how to use oil and gas, for example.Nevertheless, the book has some negative moments. For example, Brody appeared to be unsuccessful in explaining nomadic and sedentary economic systems. Therefore it is possible to suggest that the author demonstrate a certain limit in his researching and writing from â€Å"outside one's own culture†. (Brody 2000) The author prefers to use the first person in his telling as if he is sitting nearby and leads the original conversation. However, the author is invisible hand in the book and his narrative moves readers further.It is noted that â€Å"the Other Side of Eden† is likely to be work-narrative or travel-narrative of his life and of interfaces with Aboriginal Elders. The author definitely challenges modern ideas and provides evidence that Aboriginal peoples weren’t historically wasters, because according to author â€Å"nothing is wasted†. The author convincingly demonstrates that problems of modern environment don’t result from actions of sedentary â€Å"hunter-gatherers societies†.The reason of those problems is globalization of agriculturalism which is considered nomadic and destructs environmental processes. (Brody 2000) In conclusion it is necessary to provide personal evaluation of the book. It is necessary to note that â€Å"The Other Side of Eden† is a real challenge to anthropological classification of so-called â€Å"hunter-gatherer†. The writing of the author seems authoritative, though Brody is respected by academics. In principle the book is worth for scholars and critics as well as for students and artists.Brody’s evidence provided in the book has strong and weak point. The strength of the boo is that author is not afraid of implem enting new assumptions and ideas and he is ready to counter existed stereotypes, whereas the weak moment is that author appears to be unable to provide proper explanation of some economic systems. Therefore the book undergoes both approval and critique. (Brody 2000) References Brody, H. (2000). The Other Side of Eden: Hunters, Farmers, and the Shaping of the World. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.

Swot Poland

SWOT analysis for wine in Poland This module assists exporters and BSOs in developing countries in becoming familiar with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for a wine exporter planning to target the Polish market. It also helps DC exporters to make a SWOT analysis, specific to their company. A SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis helps you to audit your company in relation to market developments and competitors on selected markets.The SWOT shown below visualises external aspects (opportunities and threats) on the Polish market and internal aspects (strengths and weaknesses) of your company, both affecting your market entry. You are only in control of internal elements. You can adapt and improve their intrinsic quality according to market trends, and the resulting opportunities and threats, in your target markets. In Figure 1 you can find a SWOT analysis for a DC exporter of wine to Poland. Note that this analysis is generalised, and shoul d be used only as an example.The CBI Export Marketing Planner (available at http://www. cbi. eu) offers tools to help you make the SWOT analysis specific to your company and your target market. Firstly, the 5Ms methodology helps you audit your company on the basis of five variables; Men (human resources), Means (resources), Methods (management and process performance), Machines, and Measurables (marketing impact, customer and employee satisfaction, qualitative certifications). Secondly, you can apply the value chain approach to analyse all value-addition activities of your company.Identifying external factors is done through a market audit. The character of all these elements is that they are beyond your control. You cannot influence them. The market dictates the rules of the global play you are about to enter. The key question here is: can you deal with the market trends? Do the trends offer you chances or challenges for export success? Together with the competitor analysis, it wil l determine your decision on final market selection and market entry strategy. CBI modules on your product (group) offer a lot of information on market developments, threats and opportunities.The third tool offered by the Export Marketing Planner is the STEEP methodology. This is a comprehensive method for identifying opportunities and threats related to Socio-cultural factors, Technological factors (barriers), Economic factors, Environmental factors and Political factors related to trade. Source: CBI Market Information Database †¢ URL: www. cbi. eu †¢ Contact: [email  protected] eu †¢ www. cbi. eu/disclaimer SWOT analysis for wine in Poland Figure 1 SWOT analysis for wine to the Poland SWOT: DC EXPORTER OF WINE TO POLAND STRENGTHS †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢Availability of cheap land and raw materials Favourable climate Larger production volume Innovative character of wine compared to Old World wines Competitive price Availability of low-cost hu man resources Unique grape varieties †¢ †¢ WEAKNESSES Transportation costs Lack of (access to) capital (investment/working) and export insurance Lack of access to market intelligence Lack of export/management experience Lack of Quality Assurance Systems Lack of entrepreneurial capacity Lack of tacit knowledge †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ OPPORTUNITIES †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ A new wine market with expanding possibilities and un-established tastes Expanding market share of table wine The domination of cheap wine can make entry for some DC exporters easier Low import tariffs Emergence of small independent importers dealing with small volumes of wine Increased capacity for bulk imports (for producers of large quantities) Local producer networks; sharing of knowledge †¢ THREATS Dominance of semi-dry and sweet wines can limit distributors focusing on dryer varietiesHigh volume requirements by importing hypermarkets, which lay a dominant role in Poland DC s face competition from each other Cultural and language differences EU quality assurance and legislative requirements difficult for DC producers (e. g. adding sugar) Trust in Eastern European brands due to tradition Preference for cheap table wine as a threat to market integration of more premium wines †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ This survey was compiled for CBI by ProFound – Advisers In Development in cooperation with Theo Jansen Disclaimer CBI market information tools: http://www. cbi. eu/disclaimer Source: CBI Market Information Database †¢ URL: www. cbi. eu †¢ Contact: [email  protected] eu †¢ www. cbi. eu/disclaimer

Traditional Chinese Medicine And Modern Medicine - 2021 Words

Traditional Chinese medicine, or TCM, is one of the oldest systems of medicine to exist among humans, and it is extremely prominent to this day. According to legend, the system has been in use since the third millennium BCE. The views of such an old system differ greatly from those found in modern western medicine. Perhaps most prominent is the fact that TCM focuses more on the patient than the illness. The system considers the human to be a microcosm of the universe, implying that the body is affected by the traditional Taoist forces of yin and yang, the five elements, and Qi in the same way the cosmos are. Each of these forces act upon the â€Å"zang fu,† or organ system, directly influencing a patient’s health. Healers use qigong to assist in the restoration of stability in the body. Achieving balance, both internally and externally, is the most important aspect of healing in TCM. The traditional Indian medicine system, or TIM, is a system focused entirely on self-healing or â€Å"Ayurveda.† Like TCM, TIM is a very ancient system, dating back at least four thousand years ago, and is very different from western medicine. TIM follows the ancient Sankhya philosophy that the universe is One Self, it is inside everyone and everyone is a part of it – this belief is also known as Brahmanism. Two large aspects of TIM are yoga and Ayurveda. Yoga teaches patients to move away from their outer body and identity toward their inner Self inside their hearts. Ayurveda is the act of healing byShow MoreRelatedTraditional Chinese Medicine Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesOne important aspect of Chinese culture is Traditional Chinese Medicine, also known as TCM. Chinese medicine has been around for quite awhile, and is still around today. In the United States, we see it as acupuncture and massage. 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